When embarking on a petra tour, the ancient city carved into the rose-red cliffs of southern Jordan, the presence of a knowledgeable local guide becomes invaluable. This guide, well-versed in the tales and secrets of the Nabatean Kingdom, can transform your visit into a journey back in time, where every rock and ruin has a story to tell. Petra, the most famous legacy of the Nabateans, is not just a historical site; it’s a testament to the ingenuity and artistry of an ancient civilization.
The Rise of the Nabatean Kingdom
The Nabateans, originally a nomadic tribe, emerged as a formidable force in the Middle East around the 6th century BCE. With Petra as its capital, its kingdom flourished mainly due to its strategic location along the incense trade routes. These routes, stretching from southern Arabia to the Mediterranean, were the economic lifelines of the ancient world, and the Nabateans were the astute middlemen.
Petra: The Jewel in the Crown
Petra, meaning ‘rock’ in Greek, is a city carved into the cliffs. The Nabateans, masters of water engineering, turned this arid region into an oasis. They built a complex system of water channels, dams, and reservoirs, which turned Petra into a thriving hub of commerce and culture.
The Siq and the Treasury
Your journey into Petra usually begins with the Siq, a narrow, winding gorge flanked by towering cliffs. This natural geological feature served as a grand entrance to the city. Emerging from the Siq, you encounter Petra’s most iconic structure – Al-Khazneh, or the Treasury. Contrary to its name, it was likely a mausoleum or a temple. The Treasury’s intricate facade, adorned with Corinthian columns and mythological figures, is a masterpiece of Nabatean architecture.
The Royal Tombs and the Monastery
Beyond the Treasury, Petra unfolds in a series of remarkable structures. The Royal Tombs, including the Urn Tomb and the Corinthian Tomb, showcase the grandeur of Nabatean burial practices. Further into the city, perched atop a mountain, lies Ad Deir, or the Monastery. This monumental structure, accessible via a hike of over 800 steps, offers breathtaking views and an insight into the spiritual life of the Nabateans.
The Great Temple and the Colonnaded Street
The Great Temple, one of the largest structures in Petra, indicates the religious and social significance of the city. Nearby, the Colonnaded Street, once lined with shops and bustling with traders, echoes Petra’s economic prosperity at its peak.
The Decline of the Nabatean Kingdom
The decline of the Nabatean Kingdom began with the Roman annexation in 106 CE. Although Petra continued to flourish for a while, changes in trade routes and a series of earthquakes eventually led to its decline. By the time of the Islamic conquests in the 7th century, the world largely abandoned and forgotten Petra until its rediscovery in 1812 by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt.
Petra in Modern Times
Today, Petra is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the World’s New Seven Wonders. It continues to captivate visitors with its architectural grandeur and mysterious allure. Modern excavations and research have revealed much about the Nabateans, their way of life, and their architectural prowess.
Visiting Petra: Practical Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and Autumn (September to November) are the best times to visit Petra, offering pleasant weather.
- Getting There: Petra is accessible from Amman, the capital of Jordan, and Aqaba, a city on the Red Sea. Regular bus services and private tours operate from both cities.
- Entry and Guides: Tickets can be purchased at the Petra Visitor Centre. Hiring a local guide is recommended to gain deeper insights into the site’s history.
- Accommodation: Wadi Musa, the town adjacent to Petra, offers a range of accommodation options, from budget hostels to luxury hotels.
- Preservation and Respect: As a visitor, it’s crucial to respect the site by not climbing on the structures and following designated paths.
The Legacy of the Nabateans
The Nabatean Kingdom, with Petra as its crown jewel, was more than an architectural marvel; it was a cultural melting pot where Arab traditions met Hellenistic influences. The Nabateans were not only skilled builders but also astute traders, diplomats, and scholars. Their legacy, inscribed in the stones of Petra, continues to inspire and educate. In conclusion, a visit to Petra is not just a tour; it’s an immersive experience in the heart of an ancient civilization.
